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Celdifferentiatie --- Cell differentiation --- Cell membranes --- Cell surfaces --- Cellen--Differentiatie --- Cells--Differentiation --- Cellules--Différentiation --- Celmembranen --- Cytoplasmic membranes --- Differentiation of cells --- Differentitie [Cel] --- Différenciation cellulaire --- Membranen [Cel] --- Membranes cellulaires --- Plasma membranes --- Plasmalemma --- Cell receptors --- Growth factors --- Biochemical markers --- Molecular Biology --- Cell surface antigens --- Biochemical markers. --- Cell differentiation. --- Cell receptors. --- Cell surface antigens. --- Growth factors. --- Molecular biology.

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For decades, T cells were thought to solely respond to protein-derived antigens. However, the discovery of the CD1 antigen presenting system shows how antigen presenting cells can display lipid antigens to T cells. Crystal structures show that CD1 proteins accomplish this function by inserting lipids into a hydrophobic groove on the distal surface of the protein, forming CD1-lipid complexes that act as ligands for T cell receptors. CD1-reactive T cells with conserved (NK T cells) or diverse T cell receptors possess cytokine secretion and other effector mechanisms that influence many aspects of immune response. There is increasing evidence that the CD1 system has been conserved throughout mammalian evolution and is capable of presenting structurally diverse diacyglycerol, sphingolipid, polyisoprenol and lipopeptide antigens. These features of CD1 antigen presentation systems now point to a new and expanded view of the natural function of ab T cells, which involves surveillance of both the protein and lipid components of target cells. Further, cellular systems that were previously considered to have functions in lipid metabolism can now be studied in context of their immunological functions. This volume provides a comprehensive discussion of these basic aspects of CD1 biology and summarizes the most recent research into the role of CD1 in infectious, autoimmune, allergic and neoplastic disease.

CD antigens. --- T cells --- Receptors. --- T cell receptors --- T lymphocyte antigen receptors --- Cell receptors --- Antigens, CD --- CD glycoproteins --- CD molecules --- CD receptors --- CD surface immunoglobulin ligands --- Differentiation antigens, Human leukocyte --- Human leukocyte differentiation antigens --- Leukocyte differentiation antigens, Human --- Cell surface antigens --- Fc receptors --- Glycoproteins --- Immunology. --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology

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Fas Signaling is focused on the signaling mechanisms and biology of the prototypic death receptor Fas, also called CD95 or APO-1. The chapters of this book cover, besides the well recognized apoptosis-related functions of Fas, its emerging role as a proinflammatory cytokine and as an inducer of alternative forms of cell death. Fas Signaling aims to provide the reader with an up-to-date survey of the various aspects of Fas biology and the open questions of the field are addressed. This title is intended for Ph.D and post-doctoral students starting to work in the field, but is also useful for everyone with an interest in the biology of this exciting molecule.

CD antigens. --- Cellular signal transduction. --- Cellular information transduction --- Information transduction, Cellular --- Signal transduction, Cellular --- Bioenergetics --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Information theory in biology --- Antigens, CD --- CD glycoproteins --- CD molecules --- CD receptors --- CD surface immunoglobulin ligands --- Differentiation antigens, Human leukocyte --- Human leukocyte differentiation antigens --- Leukocyte differentiation antigens, Human --- Cell surface antigens --- Fc receptors --- Glycoproteins --- Immunology. --- Medicine. --- Oncology  . --- Molecular Medicine. --- Oncology. --- Tumors --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Health Workforce --- Molecular biology. --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology

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Environmental enrichment is intended to improve the welfare of laboratory animals. However, regarding male mice, numerous studies indicate an increase in aggressive behavior due to cage structuring. On the one hand, this might be a problem concerning animal welfare. On the other hand, enrichment is though to hamper environmental standardization and to increase variability of data. Furthermore, increasing fights, arousal, and/or injury in enriched housed animals might superimpose other (positive) environmental effects on behavior and physiology. Therefore, the present study investigated effects of environmental enrichment on behavioral, endocrinological, and immunological parameters in male mice of the docile inbred strain ABG. From weaning until day 77 +/- 3 of life, animals were kept in stable sibling groups of four under three different housing conditions: (A) nonstructured Makrolon type III laboratory cages ("standard housing" = S); (B) equivalent laboratory cages that were enriched with a box and scaffolding ("enriched housing" = E); and (C) spacious terrariums that were structured richly (" super-enriched housing"= SE). No differences in agonistic behavior, levels of plasma corticosterone (CORT), and activities of adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) existed among S-, E-, and SE-housed ABG males. Play behavior and general activity increased significantly with increasing enrichment. Concerning immunological parameters, males of both forms of enriched housing showed significantly lower percentages of CD4 and CD8 cells compared to S-housed mice. However, regarding the ratio of CD4/CD8 cells, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma, IgGI, and IgG2a, no significant housing-dependent differences were found. Enrichment did neither hamper standardization nor negatively influence the variability of physiological parameters. In summary, using a docile strain of mice revealed the positive effects of environmental enrichment also on male mice. The lack of adverse effects on behavior

Activity. --- Adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase. --- Adrenal. --- Adrenocortical system. --- Adrenomedullary system. --- Aggression. --- Aggressive-behavior. --- Aggressive. --- Agonistic. --- Animal welfare. --- Animal-welfare. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Arousal. --- Behavior. --- Boxes. --- Cage enrichment. --- Cage. --- Cages. --- Cell surface antigens. --- Corticosterone. --- Cytokines. --- Enriched. --- Enrichment. --- Environmental enrichment. --- Fight. --- Group. --- Housing condition. --- Housing conditions. --- Housing. --- Immune system. --- Immunoglobulins. --- Increase. --- Injuries. --- Injury. --- Kept. --- Laboratory animals. --- Laboratory cages. --- Laboratory-animals. --- Laboratory. --- Level. --- Life. --- Male laboratory mice. --- Male mice. --- Male-mice. --- Male. --- Males. --- Mice. --- Mus-musculus mammalia. --- Parameters. --- Physiological. --- Physiology. --- Plasma corticosterone. --- Plasma-corticosterone. --- Plasma. --- Play. --- Rats. --- Rattus-norvegicus. --- Social stress. --- Standardization. --- Stress. --- Time. --- Tyrosine-hydroxylase. --- Tyrosine. --- Variability of experimental results. --- Variability. --- Weaning. --- Welfare. --- Wild house mice.

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HLA histocompatibility antigens --- CD antigens --- Leucocytes --- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- 612.112 --- 616-097 --- 577.27 --- -HLA histocompatibility antigens --- -Leucocytes --- -577.27 Molecular bases of immunity. Molecular immunology --- Molecular bases of immunity. Molecular immunology --- 616-097 Antigens. Antibodies --- Antigens. Antibodies --- 612.112 White blood corpuscles (leucocytes). Phagocytes. Amoeboid cells. White cell count, number, shapes. Lymphocytes. Monocytes --- White blood corpuscles (leucocytes). Phagocytes. Amoeboid cells. White cell count, number, shapes. Lymphocytes. Monocytes --- Leukocytes --- White blood cells --- White cells --- Blood cells --- Killer cells --- HL-A histocompatibility antigens --- HLA antigens --- HLA transplantation antigens --- Human leukocyte antigens --- Transplantation antigens, Human --- Histocompatibility antigens --- Major histocompatibility complex --- Antigens, CD --- CD glycoproteins --- CD molecules --- CD receptors --- CD surface immunoglobulin ligands --- Differentiation antigens, Human leukocyte --- Human leukocyte differentiation antigens --- Leukocyte differentiation antigens, Human --- Cell surface antigens --- Fc receptors --- Glycoproteins --- Handbooks, manuals, etc --- 577.27 Molecular bases of immunity. Molecular immunology --- HLA histocompatibility antigens - Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- CD antigens - Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Leucocytes - Handbooks, manuals, etc.